危险品是具有危险特性的货物。如果在运输和储存过程中处理不当,就会对人、动物、环境和财产造成一定的危害。因此,包括保护性包装法规在内的危险品运输发生了重大变化,危险品的包装主要侧重于材料和结构的细节。
包装方案必须通过性能评估。有跌落测试、顶部负载测试和其他类似的方法。因此,如果非常危险的货物包装在1.8m高度通过跌落试验,则为高度危险材料,称为I类包装;如果是中型危险品包装,应通过1.2m高度的跌落试验。如果包装箱用于炸药的包装制备,还应进行炸药的特殊试验,以判断其是否为二级包装;如果是轻微危险品包装,应通过0.8m跌落试验,称为III类包装。
危险货物的包装也有一些概念。包括内包装、外包装、组合包装、复合包装等。内包装是货物在运输过程中的表面包装,而外包装是复合包装或组合包装的外部,以保护产品吸附材料和其他维持内含气所需的成分。组合包装是以运输为目的的包装组合,以便将一个或多个内包装固定在一起并合成,然后包装在外包装中。复合包装只有一个外包装和一个内含气,此外,它在结构上形成一个完整的包装,组合后在储运中始终是一个整体。
Dangerous goods are goods with dangerous characteristics. Improper handling during transportation and storage will cause certain harm to people, animals, environment and property. Therefore, great changes have taken place in the transportation of dangerous goods, including protective packaging regulations. The packaging of dangerous goods mainly focuses on the details of materials and structures.
The packaging scheme must pass the performance evaluation. There are drop tests, top load tests, and other similar methods. Therefore, if the package of very dangerous goods passes the drop test at the height of 1.8m, it is a highly dangerous material, which is called class I package; If it is a medium-sized dangerous goods package, it shall pass the drop test with a height of 1.2m. If the packing box is used for the packing preparation of explosives, special tests of explosives shall also be carried out to judge whether it is a secondary packing; If it is a package of slightly dangerous goods, it shall pass the 0.8m drop test, which is called class III package.
There are also some concepts about the packaging of dangerous goods. Including inner packaging, outer packaging, combined packaging, composite packaging, etc. The inner packaging is the surface packaging of goods during transportation, while the outer packaging is the exterior of composite packaging or combined packaging to protect product adsorption materials and other components required to maintain the gas content. Combined packaging is a packaging combination for the purpose of transportation, so that one or more inner packaging can be fixed together and synthesized, and then packaged in the outer packaging. The composite packaging has only one outer packaging and one containing gas. In addition, it forms a complete package structurally and will always be a whole in storage and transportation after combination.